Describing Combat Sports as a comparatively recent phenomenon, Harshita Singh says these have gained traction with India making its mark globally. Through major events, top performers, world champions and Olympic medallists, these sports have left an indelible mark on both athletic and cultural landscapes, captivating audiences with their thrilling displays of skill, courage, and determination.
Combat sports like boxing, wrestling, martial arts and others have a rich history that spans centuries, evolving from their traditional forms into organised, regulated competitions. They also hold immense cultural significance in India.
In recent years, combat sports have gained popularity and recognition. Indian sportspersons have made their mark on the international stage, with notable achievements in several international championships. The latest being the Mixed Martial Arts (MMA).
Martial arts have deep roots in ancient India. However, modern-day MMA is a derivative of several martial art forms from around the world. It is a full-contact combat sport comprising ‘striking, grappling and ground fighting with minimum rules or no rules.’
The rise of professional MMA leagues and grassroots initiatives has provided a platform for aspiring fighters to showcase their skills. Combat sports continue to grow in India, fuelled by passion, talent, and increasing opportunities for participation and development.
Boxing bouts
Boxing, one of the oldest combat sports, was often practised as a form of entertainment and self-defence in early days. In its traditional form, boxing lacked standardised rules and regulations, often resembling bare-knuckle brawls. However, the sport began to formalise in the 19th century with the introduction of Queensberry Rules, which established guidelines for fair play and safety.
Around the world, numerous iconic boxing matches have captivated audiences. One such event is the ‘Thrilla in Manila’ in 1975, where Muhammad Ali defeated Joe Frazier in a gruelling battle. Other memorable bouts include the ‘Rumble in the Jungle’ between Ali and George Foreman in 1974 and the ‘Fight of the Century’ featuring Ali and Frazier in 1971.
India’s tryst with boxing began centuries ago. In ancient Indian texts, references to a form of boxing known as mushti-yuddha (war of fists) can be found, including in the epic Mahabharat.
The sport’s presence in India gained momentum in the early 20th century. In 1925, the Bombay Presidency Amateur Boxing Federation was established, marking the advent of amateur boxing in the country.
Mumbai, formerly Bombay, emerged as a pioneer, hosting the initial formal boxing tournaments in India. Following India’s independence in 1947, the Indian Amateur Boxing Federation was established in 1949, signifying a new era for the sport.
The champions
Interestingly, India’s inaugural national boxing championships were held at Mumbai’s Brabourne Stadium in 1950, marking a significant milestone in the sport’s evolution in India.
Internationally today, India competes in four major amateur boxing events, namely the Olympics, the World Championships, the Asian Games, and the Commonwealth Games.
Vijender Singh made history as the first Indian boxer to clinch an Olympic medal, securing bronze in the men’s middleweight (75 kg) category at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
The introduction of women’s boxing to the Olympic programme in London 2012 witnessed another momentous achievement for India. Mary Kom, a legend in the sport, claimed India’s second Olympic boxing medal, earning bronze in the flyweight (51kg) category.
Mary Kom happens to be the only woman to win the World Amateur Boxing Championship six times. She is also the only woman boxer to win a medal in each one of the first seven World Championships. Additionally, she’s the only boxer to win eight World Championship medals.
Continuing the legacy, Lovlina Borgohain added to India’s Olympic boxing medal tally at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, capturing bronze in the welterweight (69kg) category. Other prominent names include Amit Panghal, Laishram Sarita Devi, Akhil Kumar, Shiva Thapa, Vikas Krishan and Nikhat Zareen.
Transforming Wrestling
Wrestling, another ancient combat sport, has undergone significant transformations throughout history. From its ancient origin, where it was revered as a test of strength and skill, to its modern iterations in folkstyle, freestyle, and other styles of wrestling, the sport has adapted while preserving its core principles.
Wrestling has seen its fair share of iconic moments, with events like the Olympic Games and World Wrestling Championships serving as the pinnacle of competition. Memorable matches include the showdown between Aleksandr Karelin and Rulon Gardner at the 2000 Sydney Olympics, where Gardner’s victory over the undefeated Karelin shocked the world.
India too boasts a rich lineage of performers who not only excel in competition but also serve as ambassadors for the sport, inspiring future generations with their dedication and passion. These include Sushil Kumar, Geeta and Babita Phogat, Bajrang Punia, Ravi Dahiya, Sakshi Malik, Alka Tomar, etc.
The origins
Wrestling holds a revered place in the cultural and sporting heritage of India, tracing its roots back to ancient times. Known as “kushti” in Hindi, traditional Indian wrestling has been practiced for centuries, with references found in ancient texts and scriptures.
The history of wrestling in India is intertwined with mythology and folklore, with tales of epic battles and valorous warriors. The Mahabharat, one of the oldest and most revered epics in Indian literature, contains descriptions of wrestling matches and the prowess of legendary wrestlers like Bhim.
Throughout history, wrestling has been more than just a sport in India; it has been a way of life, embodying discipline, strength, and tradition. Wrestlers, known as “pehelwans” or “kushti players” undergo rigorous training and adhere to strict diets and lifestyle regimens.
During the medieval period, wrestling flourished under the patronage of kings and rulers who organised competitions and patronised wrestling schools. Akhadas, traditional wrestling arenas, became centres for training and nurturing talent, fostering a sense of camaraderie and community among wrestlers.
With foreign invaders and colonists, both challenges and opportunities arose for Indian wrestling. Some led to the decline of traditional wrestling practices in some regions, others also paved the way for the modernisation and formalisation of the sport. The establishment of wrestling associations and competitions laid the groundwork for the development of organised wrestling in India.
Passion and discipline
In the post-independence era, wrestling underwent resurgence, triggered by the efforts of passionate wrestlers, coaches, and administrators. India began to make its mark on the international wrestling scene, with athletes competing and winning medals at prestigious events like the Olympics, World Championships, and Asian Games.
Notable Indian wrestlers like Sushil Kumar, Yogeshwar Dutt, and Bajrang Punia have brought laurels to the nation with their remarkable achievements on the global stage. Their success has inspired a new generation of wrestlers and raised the profile of wrestling in India.
Today, wrestling remains a popular and revered sport in India, with a rich tradition and a thriving community of wrestlers and enthusiasts. The sport continues to evolve, adapting to modern trends and technologies while preserving its cultural heritage and values. With ongoing support and investment in infrastructure, training facilities, and talent development, wrestling in India looks set to continue its legacy of excellence for generations to come.
Combat sports like boxing and wrestling have evolved significantly from their traditional forms into globally recognised disciplines. Through major events, top performers, world champions and Olympic medallists, these sports have left an indelible mark on both athletic and cultural landscapes, captivating audiences with their thrilling displays of skill, courage, and determination. As they continue to evolve, boxing, wrestling, and other combat sports will undoubtedly inspire and enthral generations to come.